The common lignin model compounds such as simple phenolic,non-phenolic,α-O-4,β-O-4,β-1,β-5 and 5-5 types,stilbenes and dehydrogenation polymer(DHP) were reviewed in terms of their applications in lignin degradation,modification and chemical structure characterization.Lignin model compounds have determinate structure and properties,which resulted in a wide range of application in the study of lignin,and provide theoretical basis for the analysis of the chemical structure and behavior of lignin.