The science of nerve regeneration is advanced associating with the progress in nerve repairing technology, especially microsurgery. It is a research focus to bridge nerve stumps for repairing peripheral nerve stumps through nerve conduits. The advantage of the technique for peripheral nerve regeneration through nerve conduit is reviewed. The results of peripheral nerve regeneration through nerve conduit consisted with non-nerve tissue, biodurable materials and biodegradable materials were analyzed and compared. Moreover, the influence of conduit shape and microenvironment on nerve regeneration was discussed.