Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Pyridine and Alkylpyridines 2.1. Properties 2.2. Production 2.2.1. Separation from Tar 2.2.2. Synthesis from Aldehydes or Ketones with Ammonia 2.2.3. Synthesis from Acrylonitrile and Ketones 2.2.4. Synthesis from Dinitriles 2.2.5. Dealkylation of Alkylpyridines 2.2.6. Synthesis of 5‐Ethyl‐2‐Methylpyridine from Paraldehyde and Ammonia 2.2.7. Synthesis from Nitriles and Acetylene 2.2.8. Other Synthetic Methods 2.3. Quality Specifications, Storage, and Transportation 2.4. Uses 2.5. Economic Aspects 3. Pyridine Derivatives 3.1. Vinylpyridines 3.2. Bipyridines 3.3. Quaternary Pyridinium Salts 3.4. Pyridine N ‐Oxides 3.5. Piperidines 3.6. Halopyridines 3.7. Pyridinecarbonitriles, Carboxylic Acids, and Carboxamides 3.8. Aminopyridines 3.8.1. 2‐Aminopyridine 3.8.2. Other Aminopyridines 3.9. Pyridinols 3.10. Pyridyl Alcohols 3.11. Pyridinecarbaldehydes 3.12. Pharmaceuticals and Agrochemicals 4. Toxicology 4.1. Acute Toxicity 4.2. Subacute and Chronic Toxicity 4.3. Mutagenicity and Ecotoxicity