Neuroprotective Effects of Eugenol in Alzheimer's Disease: Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Amyloid Plaques

Eugenol, a phenolic phytochemical found in many medicinal plants, exhibits various pharmacological properties, including analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and anaesthetic effects. It has shown potential in addressing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, and motor neuron disease, which are primarily caused by mechanisms such as apoptosis, protein accumulation, aging, and oxidative stress within the central nervous system (CNS). This review explores the mechanisms through which eugenol may influence AD. Eugenol appears to counter oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and prevent amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation, suggesting it could delay the onset or progression of AD. However, more research is required to establish its safety and effectiveness in treating or preventing this disease.