Bacteria biohybrids integrating anticancer peptide-loaded nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy through pyroptosis activation

orthotopic breast cancer model, P/L@EcN enhanced anti-tumor immunity by remodeling the tumor microenvironment, promoting the macrophage M1/M2 ratio, and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), ultimately achieving significant tumor growth suppression without systemic toxicity. Together, these findings establish P/L@EcN as a promising biohybrid immunotherapy strategy that integrates bacterial-mediated targeting with immune activation, offering a powerful approach for cancer treatment.