Structural Characteristics, Biological Functions, and Modification Strategies of Soybean Saponins: Biotransformation Potential Through Structure–Activity Relationship Modulation

Soybean saponins, a class of intricate oleanane-type triterpenoids predominantly present in soybeans, exhibit diverse biological activities. This overview summarizes recent progress in elucidating the biological roles of soybean saponins and their glycosides, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects, viewed through a tectonic lens. Additionally, it explores modification methodologies encompassing physical, chemical, and biological strategies. Existing data underscore the significance of progressing integrated biotransformation techniques to augment the health-enhancing attributes of distinct saponin monomers.