Femtosecond laser constructed bioinspired gradient wedge-shaped surfaces for under-oil liquid self-transport

and a transport distance of over 150 mm. The effect of the wedge-shaped angle, inclined angle, and surface tension on the self-transport behavior of a liquid on the SGWS was systematically investigated and the underlying mechanism was revealed. Furthermore, the potential applications of the SGWS in complex fluid manipulation, droplet microchemical reactions, cargo transport, and oil surface particle collection were explored in detail. This work offers a novel strategy for realizing under-oil liquid manipulation without energy input, showing promising applications in the industry.