神经炎症
神经退行性变
小胶质细胞
神经科学
医学
促炎细胞因子
创伤性脑损伤
免疫系统
血脑屏障
肌萎缩侧索硬化
炎症
趋化因子
神经免疫学
疾病
免疫学
中枢神经系统
生物
病理
精神科
作者
Jessica R. Cohen,Ashwathy Susan Mathew,Kirk D. Dourvetakis,Estella Sanchez-Guerrero,Rajendra P. Pangeni,Narasimman Gurusamy,Kristina K. Aenlle,Geeta Ravindran,Assma Twahir,Dayanne Isler,Sara Rukmini Sosa-Garcia,Axel Llizo,Alison C. Bested,Theoharis C. Theoharides,Nancy G. Klimas,Duraisamy Kempuraj
出处
期刊:Cells
[MDPI AG]
日期:2024-03-14
卷期号:13 (6): 511-511
标识
DOI:10.3390/cells13060511
摘要
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions of these disease pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These disorders show dysregulated neuroimmune and inflammatory responses, including activation of neurons, glial cells, and neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, as well as entry of inflammatory mediators through damaged neurovascular endothelial cells, blood-brain barrier and tight junction proteins. Activation of glial cells and immune cells leads to the release of many inflammatory and neurotoxic molecules that cause neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are chronic disorders that are also associated with neuroimmune dysfunctions. Currently, there are no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for these diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells and pericytes are currently used for many disease models for drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses and iPSC-derived brain cell applications in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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