Meta‐analysis of effectiveness and safety of glucocorticoid combined with hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus rash

Abstract Background Many studies have found that glucocorticoid (GC) combined with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has a good clinical effect in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) rash, but there is no relevant systematic evaluation at present. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate and analyze the effectiveness and safety of GC combined with HCQ in the treatment of SLE rash. Methods Randomized controlled trials of GC combined with HCQ in the treatment of SLE rash were collected through computer retrieval of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform (Wanfang), and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) since the establishment of the database. The main outcome indicators included clinical total effective rate, adverse reactions, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and complement 3 (C3). A meta‐analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software. Results A total of 11 studies involving 809 patients (406 in the test group and 403 in the control group) were included in this article. The meta‐analysis results showed that compared with the single use of GC, GC combined with HCQ could improve the clinical total effective rate in the treatment of SLE rash (odds ratio [OR] = 4.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.50–7.30, p < .00001), and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.15–0.44, p < .00001); effectively reduce SLEDAI score (mean difference [MD] = 1.88, 95% CI 1.66–2.10, p < .00001) and ESR level (MD = 7.92, 95% CI 5.66–10.19, p < .00001); increase C3 level after treatment (MD = 0.36, 95% CI 0.32–0.41, p < .00001); and reduce CRP level (MD = 3.22, 95% CI 2.87–3.58, p < .00001), with statistically significant differences. Conclusion Compared with the use of GC alone, GC combined with HCQ can improve the clinical effectiveness of SLE rash treatment, with a low incidence of adverse reactions and good clinical safety. However, the number and quality of studies included in this article were not high, so the findings need to be further verified by high‐quality, multicenter randomized controlled trials.