Recent advances in emerging metal–organic and covalent–organic frameworks for zinc-ion batteries

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), which feature porous crystalline materials, have attracted significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage owing to their adjustable pore structure, diverse topology, high specific surface area, well-defined periodic structures, and numerous redox active sites. Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices because of their low cost, large capacity, and inherent safety features. This review article provides an overview of the recent advances in the development and fabrication of MOFs and COFs as anodes, cathodes, electrolytes, and separators for ZIBs in the last three years. Furthermore, the key principles for the controlled preparation of various MOFs and COFs, as well as the mechanisms for enhancing electrochemical performance are presented in depth by their applications in ZIBs. Finally, the major challenges and prospects of utilizing MOFs and COFs for ZIBs applications are outlined.