神经活性类固醇
孕酮
NMDA受体
谷氨酸受体
γ-氨基丁酸受体
别孕甾酮
化学
药理学
受体
海马结构
神经保护
内分泌学
内科学
生物化学
生物
医学
作者
В. Д. Абрамова,Vanessa Leal Alvarado,Martin Hill,Tereza Smejkalová,Michal Malý,Karel Valeš,Ivan Dittert,Paulína Božíková,Bohdan Kysilov,Barbora Krausová,Vojtěch Vyklický,Aleš Balík,Klevinda Fili,Miloslav Kořı́nek,Hana Chodounská,Eva Kudová,David Ciz,Jan Martinovič,Jiří Černý,Petr Bartůněk,Ladislav Vyklický
标识
DOI:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00131
摘要
Multiple molecular targets have been identified to mediate membrane-delimited and nongenomic effects of natural and synthetic steroids, but the influence of steroid metabolism on neuroactive steroid signaling is not well understood. To begin to address this question, we set out to identify major metabolites of a neuroprotective synthetic steroid 20-oxo-5β-pregnan-3α-yl l-glutamyl 1-ester (pregnanolone glutamate, PAG) and characterize their effects on GABAA and NMDA receptors (GABARs, NMDARs) and their influence on zebrafish behavior. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to assess concentrations of PAG and its metabolites in the hippocampal tissue of juvenile rats following intraperitoneal PAG injection. PAG is metabolized in the peripheral organs and nervous tissue to 20-oxo-17α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3α-yl l-glutamyl 1-ester (17-hydroxypregnanolone glutamate, 17-OH-PAG), 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (pregnanolone, PA), and 3α,17α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (17-hydroxypregnanolone, 17-OH-PA). Patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments in cultured hippocampal neurons demonstrate that PA and 17-OH-PA are potent positive modulators of GABARs, while PAG and 17-OH-PA have a moderate inhibitory effect at NMDARs. PAG, 17-OH-PA, and PA diminished the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. Our results show that PAG and its metabolites are potent modulators of neurotransmitter receptors with behavioral consequences and indicate that neurosteroid-based ligands may have therapeutic potential.
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