Different Degradation Modes of Field-Deployed Photovoltaic Modules: A Literature Review

Degradation of photovoltaic (PV) modules is preferably caused by several factors such as potential induced degradation (PID), bypass diode failures in short circuit conditions, high light-induced degradation (LID), hotspots/ shaded cells, and cracked cells. In this paper, the recent studies on PV module degradation due to different physiological and environmental conditions are discussed. The state-of-the-art literatures elaborating the causes of power depletion in field-deployed PV are also compared. The paper aims to provide all the information about performance, reliability, and dependability on PV power systems.