Modeling Alzheimer's Disease in Male Mice: Unilateral Gonadectomy Combined with Bilateral Hippocampus Dentate Gyrus Injection of Aβ1-42 Oligomers

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for almost half of all dementia cases globally and is progressively increasing. Etiology includes heredity, genetic factors, aging, and nutrition, but sex hormones also play a key role. Reliable animal models of AD are the basis for gaining insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of AD and for developing and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies for preclinical AD.Methods: This study described and evaluated a model of AD by combining unilateral gonadectomy with bilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus Aβ injections in male mice.Results: As demonstrated by the Morris water maze test, Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), this method produced a male mouse model of AD with decreased learning memory capacity accompanied by loss of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus region and decreased serum sex hormone levels.Conclusions: The model effectively simulated the pathophysiological state of late-onset AD.