油页岩
嵌入
水力压裂
石油工程
地质学
断裂(地质)
电导率
导水率
岩土工程
页岩油
脆性
磁导率
多孔性
可再生能源
环境科学
材料科学
土壤科学
复合材料
工程类
古生物学
化学
物理化学
遗传学
膜
生物
电气工程
土壤水分
作者
Allan Katende,Connor Allen,Jonny Rutqvist,Seiji Nakagawa,Mileva Radonjic
出处
期刊:Fuel
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-06-01
卷期号:341: 127571-127571
被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127571
摘要
The current worldwide energy supply is insufficient to meet the rising demand. As a result, the energy prices are expected to keep soaring despite the recent increases in a variety of renewable energy resources. Although not renewable, shale oil and gas — “unconventional” hydrocarbon resources are relatively clean forms of energy resources, which still hold a vast share of the energy market. For many oil and gas companies, meeting profitable production goals from shale reservoirs is sometimes challenging, due to the loss of fracture conductivity and premature declines in the production. In this paper we investigate the stress-dependent changes in the hydraulic conductivity of proppant-filled fractures and mechanical fracture–proppant interactions in Caney Shale, a calcareous, organic-rich mudrock, through laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. American Petroleum Institute (API) fracture conductivity tests were conducted using 2% KCl on five locations within the Caney Shale that consisted of selecting three brittle (reservoir) zones and two ductile zones. Confining pressures ranged from 1,000 psi to 12,000 psi at 210 °F. Conductivity, permeability as well as embedment were measured during the test. Also, an additional, laboratory in-situ visualization test was conducted to examine the detailed proppant-shale matrix interaction under elevated stress (3,920 psi effective stress) and temperature (252 °F), with a synthetic reservoir fluid. Our experimental results have confirmed that improved fracture conductivity is attributed to proppant size, and that the increase in porosity of the proppant pack, closure pressure changes and the reduction in fracture conductivity are a function of many factors such as fracture closure stress.
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