Modified Polysaccharides and their Biomedical Applications: Advancement and Strategies

Background: Polysaccharides are a type of natural macromolecular polymer that can be found in plants, animals, fungi, algae, and marine organisms. Its activities have piqued the interest of researchers. The internal structure, as well as their chemical and physical properties, dictate how they work. Polysaccharide functionalities are progressively being chemically changed. Using this approach, polysaccharides' structural, physicochemical, and biological properties can all be altered. Aim and Methods: The review sought to provide an overview of polysaccharide modification but also biological use. Recent research has shown that chemically modifying polysaccharides may increase their immunological function as well as their antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, as well as other characteristics. There are several chemical modifications, including sulfation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and others. Modified polysaccharide recent developments are reviewed. Discussion and Result: Polysaccharide physiochemical properties and biological activity can change as their structural properties change. The structural modifications that occur depend on the source of the polysaccharides. Chemical modification has enormous promise for enhancing biomedical applications. These modified polysaccharides have made significant contributions to tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. Modification of polysaccharides induces therapeutic benefits. The immunomodulation of polysaccharides and their derivatives, as well as their chemical modification, has been studied and discussed. Conclusion: These modified polysaccharides have the potential to be used for wound dressing, gene delivery, drug delivery, etc.