High-Temperature Stability of LiFePO4/Carbon Lithium-Ion Batteries: Challenges and Strategies

Lithium-ion batteries that use lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) as the cathode material and carbon (graphite or MCMB) as the anode have gained significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness, low environmental impact, and strong safety profile. These advantages make them suitable for a wide range of applications including electric vehicles, stationary energy storage, and backup power systems. However, their adoption is hindered by a critical challenge: capacity degradation at elevated temperatures. This review systematically summarizes the corresponding modification strategies including surface modification of the anode and cathode as well as modification of the electrolyte, separator, binder, and collector. We further discuss the control of the charge state, early warning prevention, control of thermal runaway, and the rational application of ML and DFT to enhance the LFP/C high temperature cycling stability. Finally, in light of the current research challenges, promising research directions are presented, aiming at enhancing their performance and stability in such harsh thermal environments.