Study on the cell-to-module encapsulation losses of back-contact solar cell modules

This paper systematically investigates the cell-to-module (CTM) ratio of back-contact crystalline silicon solar cells during module encapsulation, an innovative and increasingly significant focus in the photovoltaic industry. By comparing the factors influencing CTM losses in bifacial and back-contact cell modules, the study reveals variations in compatibility between crystalline silicon solar cells and advanced encapsulation materials, as well as interconnection technologies. The findings highlight the critical role of these factors in enhancing the CTM ratio. Additionally, the paper compares the CTM ratios of back-contact cell modules employing different types of photovoltaic glass, encapsulation films, and backsheet materials. It further analyzes the effects of interconnection parameters, such as cell gap and busbar number, on CTM performance. Results demonstrate that the interplay between encapsulation materials and interconnection technologies significantly impacts the CTM ratio of back-contact cell modules. The study proposes optimized encapsulation strategies tailored to diverse application needs. Moreover, this work assesses the influence of interconnection defects on the CTM ratio, underscoring the importance of interconnection quality in maximizing and maintaining module performance. Despite progress, substantial opportunities remain for improving the CTM ratio of back-contact cell modules. This study offers a robust theoretical foundation and valuable data to inform module design, material selection, and interconnection optimization for back-contact solar cells.