Mechanoluminescent functional devices: Developments, applications and prospects

Mechanoluminescence (ML), the phenomenon of light emission triggered by mechanical force on a solid material, has gained significant attention in recent years. ML functional devices have represented an important research field with potential impact in a wide realm of materials, scientific disciplines, technologies, and engineering applications. Within the realm of ML emission, the spectral characteristics and overall intensity emerge as pivotal factors for practical utilization. In this review, we focus on the development strategies, with an emphasis on their brightness and color properties, while delving into the associated mechanisms governing structure and performance. Subsequently, we navigate through the cutting-edge advancements in ML functional devices, particularly in burgeoning fields such as self-power sensors, information security, engineering structure diagnosis, and biomedical applications. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives are proposed, aiming to overcoming current obstacles and propel concerted efforts in the field.