A Versatile Intestine‐on‐Chip System for Deciphering the Immunopathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract The multifactorial nature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates reliable and practical experimental models to elucidate its etiology and pathogenesis. To model the intestinal microenvironment at the onset of IBD in vitro, it is important to incorporate relevant cellular and noncellular components before inducing stepwise pathogenic developments. A novel intestine‐on‐chip system for investigating multiple aspects of IBD's immunopathogenesis is presented. The system includes an array of tight and polarized barrier models formed from intestinal epithelial cells on an in‐vivo‐like subepithelial matrix within one week. The dynamic remodeling of the subepithelial matrix by cells or their secretome demonstrates the physiological relevance of the on‐chip barrier models. The system design enables introduction of various immune cell types and inflammatory stimuli at specific locations in the same barrier model, which facilitates investigations of the distinct roles of each cell type in intestinal inflammation development. It is showed that inflammatory behavior manifests in an upregulated expression of inflammatory markers and cytokines (TNF‐α). The neutralizing effect of the anti‐inflammatory antibody Infliximab on levels of TNF‐α and its inducible cytokines could be explicitly shown. Overall, an innovative approach to systematically developing a microphysiological system to comprehend immune‐system‐mediated disorders of IBD and to identify new therapeutic strategies is presented.