Enhancing Microbial Fuel Cell Performance Prediction and IoT Integration Using Machine Learning and Renewable Energy

This study aims to enhance Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) reliability for remote environmental monitoring, emphasizing unexplored facets of accurate energy prediction and the integration of renewable energy-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Following comprehensive research, design, and component procurement, an innovative and cost-effective IoT system was developed, leveraging renewable energy from MFCs. Using an Arduino UNO-WiFi, data was collected and showcased on a web page while logged in a Google Firebase database, with an Android app created for intuitive smartphone visualization. Over four months, sensor data was accumulated. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) model, employing Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), precisely forecasted MFC energy production (RMSE: 0.0119 and 0.0113 for trials 1 and 2). Despite the initial energy production surge, a subsequent decline occurred due to organic matter depletion. This prototype represents an affordable and sustainable solution for cloud-based IoT environmental monitoring with AI-driven energy forecasts, embodying innovation in renewable energy applications and sustainable practices.