Diffraction Problem with Time-Varying Boundary Conditions

In this study, we explore waveguide fields when a thin layer with properties similar to a 'p-i-n' diode completely overlaps its cross-section. We can alter the layer's conductivity by applying a voltage, ranging from being a perfect conductor to resembling free space. This voltage-induced conductivity change affects the boundary conditions of the waveguide, causing diffraction of incident waves. We focus on periodic alterations between perfect conductor and free-space conditions using the same cross-section hosting the 'p-i-n' diode-like layer. The interaction of waves with this setup induces modulation. The problem is solved using the Evolutionary Approach to Electromagnetics (EAE) upgraded with the novel format of Maxwell's equations proposed recently. Our work showcases a piece of the EAE applied to solve this problem, providing insights into this fascinating phenomenon.