Use and applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) in dye adsorption: Review

Dyed wastewater has a serious impact on living organisms. It must be treated to a certain level before being released into the environment. Dyed wastewater is non-biodegradable, toxic and has been found to have carcinogenic effects in long-term exposure. Therefore, the treatment of dyed wastewater has become a global concern. In this context, researchers have proposed metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as the most effective method for dye wastewater removal. Because MOFs show high adsorption capacity in dye removal with adjustable pore diameter and surface morphology compared to conventional carbonaceous materials (activated carbon, carbon nanotube, biochar, zeolite, perlite, etc.). In this context, many studies have been carried out on MOFs until today. With the developing technology and studies, the weaknesses of MOFs have also been improved. Various types of MOFs have been produced, including modified MOFs, Metal Organic Gels obtained by adding aerogel-hydrogel and membrane-based MOFs. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effectiveness of these MOF types in the process of dye separation from wastewater. Within the scope of this investigation, MOFs that are effective in the treatment of dye wastewater were evaluated by examining MOF studies in the past years. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were also examined to understand the effectiveness of MOFs in dye wastewater adsorption. In addition, the effectiveness of characterization studies of MOFs in dye removal was examined. Desorption and reuse of MOFs are also included in the scope of the research as they are important in terms of cost.