Lithium-desorption mechanism in LiMn2O4, Li1.33Mn1.67O4, and Li1.6Mn1.6O4 according to precisely controlled acid treatment and density functional theory calculations

Li_8a⁺ preferred to be replaced by H⁺ than Li_16d⁺, desorbed Li⁺ preferred to diffuse out through vacant 8a sites.