A highly‐sensitive vascular endothelial growth factor‐A(165) immunosensor, as a tool for early detection of cancer

Biomarkers can be ideal indicators for assessing the risk of the presence of a disease. In this study, a label-free electrochemical biosensor was designed to quantify the vascular endothelial growth factor A (165) (VEGF-A(165)) antigen, using reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle for early detection of breast cancer. The conductivity of gold nanoparticle along with its biocompatibility provide an enhanced surface, suitable for anti-VEGF antibody immobilization. 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was used to facilitate a single-step and convenient bonding of the antibodies to the surface, compared to previous studies. The dynamic range of the biosensor was between 20 to 120 pg/ml and its limit of detection of the biomarker VEGF-A(165) was obtained to be about 0.007 pg/ml, using different electric signal transduction modes. Hence, the biosensor is a beneficial immunosensor with high sensitivity and ideal dynamic range for early-stage diagnosis of breast cancer and other cancers diseases associated with expression of VEGF-A(165). The as-prepared immunosensor could be efficiently employed for designing a point-of-care diagnostic platform.