Influence of tungsten trioxide concentration on the morphology of the single-crystalline tungsten layers produced by electrolysis of tungstate melts

The structure and morphology of autoepitaxial single-crystalline tungsten layers with the four orientations (100), (110), (111), and (112) were investigated as functions of tungsten trioxide concentration in the melt. Relative values for the specific surface free energies of the tungsten single-crystal values faces were estimated on the basis of the data for morphology.