瘦素
小鼠苗条素受体
脂肪因子
医学
内科学
肥胖
内分泌学
脂肪组织
疾病
痴呆
SOCS3
风险因素
神经科学
生物信息学
生物
癌症
抑制器
作者
Juan Antonio Flores-Cordero,Antonio Pérez-Pérez,Carlos Jiménez‐Cortegana,Gonzalo Álba,Alfonso Flores-Barragán,Vı́ctor Sánchez-Margalet
摘要
Obesity is a growing worldwide health problem, affecting many people due to excessive saturated fat consumption, lack of exercise, or a sedentary lifestyle. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue that increases in obesity and has central actions not only at the hypothalamic level but also in other regions and nuclei of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These regions express the long form of leptin receptor LepRb, which is the unique leptin receptor capable of transmitting complete leptin signaling, and are the first regions to be affected by chronic neurocognitive deficits, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). In this review, we discuss different leptin resistance mechanisms that could be implicated in increasing the risk of developing AD, as leptin resistance is frequently associated with obesity, which is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and obesity is considered a risk factor for AD. Key players of leptin resistance are SOCS3, PTP1B, and TCPTP whose signalling is related to inflammation and could be worsened in AD. However, some data are controversial, and it is necessary to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the AD-causing pathological processes and how altered leptin signalling affects such processes.
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