Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Potential Option for Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Highly Soluble and Poorly Permeable (BCS Class III) Drugs

Oral administration of drug is the most preferred one among the other routes for the majority of clinical applications. As compared to the parenteral method of administration, it has potential benefits such as increased patient compliance, fewer problems, and reduced treatment costs. Regardless of these factors, inadequate bioavailability owing to poor solubility or permeability limits the therapeutic effectiveness of orally given drugs. Though most current research focuses on BCS II (drugs with low solubility and high permeability), BCS III (drugs with high solubility and low permeability) also has poor oral bioavailability due to their limited permeability across lipid membranes and is usually administered through the parenteral route. The need for an oral alternative to parenteral administration has prompted a renewed focus on the development of innovative dosage forms that support the absorption of medicines that are poorly permeable through the intestinal epithelium. Because of their unique sizedependent feature in enhancing transmembrane permeability, ability to incorporate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs and biocompatible nature of components, the use of nanoparticles for improving drug bioavailability has been a focus of current study in the field of drug delivery in recent years. The lipidbased nanoparticle method presents a potential new avenue for manufacturing BCS Class III medicines with enhanced bioavailability, as poor permeability is the main issue for these agents. This research aims to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of medicines with permeability-restricted oral absorption, such as pharmaceuticals in Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class III.