A Novel Two-State Active Tuned Mass Damper Inerter Control of High-Flexibility Long-Span Bridges

This paper presents a novel two-state active tuned mass damper inerter (ATMDI) to control the vertical-bending vibration in high-flexibility long-span bridges. Two mathematical models of the ATMDI controlled bridge are established according to the turn-off and turn-on states of the actuator. An optimal passive tuning design that considers actuator dynamics is proposed for the turn-off ATMDI. An adaptive tuning algorithm that combines the consideration of control-structure interaction and the elimination of negative stiffness is proposed for the turn-on ATMDI using few measurements. Finally, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) events of a long-span high-flexibility bridge are numerically simulated to validate the superiority of the ATMDI control, in which the effects of the wind speed, control variable, and system uncertainty on the ATMDI control performance are discussed. The results indicate that the turn-off ATMDI can effectively mitigate VIV within a wide wind speed range when system uncertainty is small but fails in the VIV mitigation when the system uncertainty level is modest or strong. The turn-on ATMDI with good adaptivity can eliminate the VIV over the entire wind speed range, even at modest and strong system uncertainty level.