Cross-Polarized Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Lithium Niobate Waveguides

We report on the experimental demonstration of cross-polarization backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (BSBS) in lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) waveguides. Performing polarization-sensitive pump and probe measurements, we captured both intra- and intermodal scattering between counterpropagating fundamental optical modes. Remarkably, cross-polarization scattering achieved SBS gains that exceeded ${G}_{B}=80\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. This substantial gain not only broadens the utility of polarization in SBS but also paves the way for high-performance devices, including ultranarrowband lasers, robust broadband nonreciprocal devices, RF filters, and microwave-to-optical converters.