Biomimetic Copper-Based Nanoplatform for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Effective Melanoma Therapy

Designing advanced biomimetic nanoplatforms that combine photothermal therapy (PTT) and immune activation represents a modern approach to addressing the challenges of cancer therapy. This study presents a nanobiomimetic hollow copper-sulfide (HCuS) platform for precise homotypic tumor targeting and melanoma treatment. The HCuS@OVA@CM (COC) nanoplatform-encapsulated ovalbumin (OVA) antigen protein within HCuS nanoparticles and was coated with melanoma cell membranes (B16F10). Importantly, this design facilitates specific tumor accumulation and achieves 16.0% photothermal conversion efficiency under 1064 nm NIR-II irradiation, which is a key factor for therapeutic success. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this nanoplatform induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), enhances antigen presentation, and stimulates dendritic cell (DCs) maturation. In vivo experiments confirmed that COC-mediated NIR-II photothermal treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth without notable body weight loss. This biomimetic nanoplatform approach offers a targeted, enhanced, and effective immune response for tumor photothermal immunotherapy, making it a promising candidate for advanced melanoma treatment and anticancer therapy.