Schematic illustration of the mechanism of Ni anti-electrooxidation and selective HOR electrocatalysis for Ni@C-MoO x / MoO x systems, involving the construction of the QWCS and its gate switch.The green/cyan, blue, red, yellow, and silver balls represent Ni, Mo, O, C, and H atoms, respectively."QWCS" means quantum well catalytic structure and "OP" means oxidation potential.2 of 3