Defects-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks for Supercapacitor Platform

The increasing emphasis on eco-friendly energy options has accelerated the use of supercapacitors (SCs) due to their distinct advantages. Nonetheless, they face challenges, such as low power density and high self-discharge rates in practical applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been curated as superior candidate active components for enhancing SC performance stemming from their extensive surface areas, adjustable pore structures, and abundant accessible sites. This paper provides a thorough review of the application of multivariate defect MOFs (MTV-DMOFs) and vacancy engineering in SCs, emphasizing how various defect types (including metal and ligand defects) and their formation processes (such as etching, laser treatment, and pyrolysis) influence electrochemical performance. These defect-engineering strategies have significantly improved the energy density, power density, and cycling stability of SCs.