An Amperometric Enzyme–Nanozyme Biosensor for Glucose Detection

Amperometric biosensors, due to their high sensitivity, fast response time, low cost, simple control, miniaturization capabilities, and other advantages, are receiving significant attention in the field of medical diagnostics, especially in monitoring blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. In this study, an amperometric glucose biosensor based on immobilized enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) and bimetallic platinum cobalt (PtCo) nanoparticles was developed. The PtCo nanoparticles, deposited on a graphite rod electrode, exhibited peroxidase-like catalytic properties and were able to electrocatalyze the reduction of H2O2. After immobilization of the GOx, an amperometric signal generated by the biosensor was directly proportional to the glucose concentration in the range of 0.04–2.18 mM. The biosensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 19.38 μA mM−1 cm−2, with a detection limit of 0.021 mM and a quantification limit of 0.064 mM. In addition to this analytical performance, the biosensor exhibited excellent repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4.90%); operational and storage stability, retaining 98.93% and 95.33% of its initial response after 26 cycles of glucose detection and over a 14-day period, respectively; and anti-interference ability against electroactive species, as well as exceptional selectivity for glucose and satisfactory reproducibility (RSD 8.90%). Additionally, the biosensor was able to detect glucose levels in blood serum with a high accuracy (RSD 5.89%), indicating potential suitability for glucose determination in real samples.