A Deep Insight into Synthetic and Medicinal Potential of β ‐Carboline Derivatives: An Update

Abstract β ‐Carboline, a prominent framework (within the alkaloid family) has gained significant attention for their synthetic and biological potential owing to their diverse pharmacological and synthetic characteristics. β ‐Carbolines work as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their structural properties make them beneficial for the development of new molecules with specific activities; including abecarnil, cipargamin, and tadalafil. Due to the significant pharmacological relevance of β ‐carboline derivatives, they demonstrate a varied roles and spark interest in their potential therapeutic applications. In this context, 1(3)‐formyl‐9 H ‐ β ‐carbolines serve as promising AXB3s that offer alternative routes for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of β ‐carboline scaffolds. These derivatives exhibited remarkable pharmaceutical properties such as osteoprotective, antimicrobial, anticancer, antileishmanial, AChE inhibitor, APN inhibitor, antiproliferative, and antiplasmodial. This review article provides a comprehensive summary (from 2017 to 2024) of the synthetic potential and the biological potential of β ‐carboline and its derivatives.