Biological activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum: Molecular prospective

Chrysanthemum is an edible flower from a member of the Asteraceae family recognized for its wide variety of therapeutic benefits. The use of natural products as supplemental therapy has expanded dramatically due to the notion that they have fewer side effects. This current review attempts to summarise both Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum health benefits and the molecular underpinnings of their biological effects with the addition of their recent use in green nanotechnology applications. Using PubMed and Scopus from 2008 to 2022, a literature search was done for relevant material addressing the biological activities of C. morifolium and C. indicum. Chrysanthemum’s anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic/anti-obesity, and antibacterial properties have been investigated. Both Chrysanthemum has been found to possess the ability to decrease pro-inflammatory proteins and genes, initiate apoptosis in cancer cells as well as modulate lipid metabolism to mitigate the development of obesity and diabetes. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that Chrysanthemum has antioxidant characteristics, thereby safeguarding against oxidative harm through the activation of cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. In addition, findings also demonstrated the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Chrysanthemum exhibits antimicrobial properties. Notably, no deleterious effects were seen following oral administration of both extracts in vivo. As demonstrated by preclinical investigations, the favorable effects of Chrysanthemum treatment need to be confirmed by more research or clinical trials.