Bifunctional materials for integrated CO2 capture and conversion: review on adsorbent and catalyst types, recent advances, and challenges

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in the development of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission reduction technologies aimed at mitigating the excessive release of CO2 into the atmosphere. In this context, the adoption of integrated CO2 capture and conversion (ICCC) technology stands out as one of the most promising approaches. This approach offers significant advantages in terms of energy savings and cost reduction with respect to the conventional carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the various types of adsorbents and catalysts utilized in the synthesize of bifunctional materials (BFMs) tailored for high-performance ICCC processes. The first and second part analyze the various adsorbents and catalysts employed in CO2 capture and conversion, respectively, focusing on their efficacy and the practical constraints arising from factors such as cost and regeneration ability of industrial implementation. Additionally, the detailed review of adsorbent and catalyst selection for the development of BFMs also has been conducted, as it has a significant impact on the performance of BFMs, including the efficiency of adsorption and catalytic activity. In the third section, the application of BFMs in various ICCC processes, highlighting their strengths and limitations have been reviewed comprehensively. Finally, the last section provides a review on the challenges and prospects of BFMs for ICCC. The review concludes with a comprehensive summary, accompanied by valuable recommendations to guide future research endeavors that focus on the advancement of BFMs within the context of ICCC.