Empagliflozin in chronic kidney disease: nephroprotection is independent of albuminuria, primary kidney disease, and baseline eGFR

Chronic kidney disease, a disease attributable to diabetes in 30–40% of patients, is a major health burden worldwide because it underlies an excess risk for kidney failure cardiovascular disease events.1 Large, randomised placebo-controlled trials have shown that renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors, sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone reduce the risk of progression to kidney failure in patients with diabetes who have albuminuria.