Optical modeling and analysis of pixel organic light-emitting diode using a mixed-level algorithm considering light leakage effects

Fast optical simulation is the basis of optical optimization for cross-scale 3D pixel organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and it is among the most critical challenges in the industry. We constructed an optical simulation model by using a mixed-level algorithm to fasten the analysis of pixel OLEDs, considering the light leakage effect, which was described in terms of the ratio of light extraction (RLE). Model correctness and efficiency were verified using a commercial software. Pixel OLEDs with different sizes were used, and the influence of the height and angle of pixel definition layers (PDLs) and width of color filters on the performance was analyzed. These geometric features change the path of light propagation, which changes performance. Device B was more sensitive to the PDL angle, whereas devices A and C were more sensitive to the PDL height. Device B had the least RLE (RLEB>RLEA>RLEC). An optimal structure can reduce light leakage and improve the performance of pixel OLEDs. The proposed method provides guidelines for designing optimal pixel OLEDs and for the high-throughput simulation of pixel OLEDs.