Analysis of inflammation and bone remodeling of atmospheric plasma therapy in experimental periodontitis

Abstract Background and Objective The biological effects of atmospheric plasma (cold plasma) show its applicability for controlling the etiological factors that involve tissue repair. Thus, the study evaluated the effect of atmospheric plasma therapy in the control of tissue inflammation and bone remodeling in experimental periodontitis. Methods Fifty‐six rats were subjected to ligation in the cervical region of the first maxillary molars (8 weeks). The animals were divided into two groups ( n = 28): periodontitis without treatment group (P group), and periodontitis with atmospheric plasma treatment group (P + AP group). Tissue samples were collected at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment to analyze the inflammation and bone remodeling by biochemical, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Inflammatory infiltration in the gingival and periodontal ligament was lower in the P + AP group than in the P group ( p < .05). The MPO and NAG levels were higher in the P + AP group compared to P group ( p < .05). At 4 weeks, the TNF‐α level was lower and the IL‐10 level was higher in the P + AP group compared to P group ( p < .05). In the P + AP group, the IL‐1β level increased in the second week and decreased in the fourth week ( p < .05), the number of blood vessels was high in the gingival and periodontal ligament in the second and fourth week ( p < .05); and the number of fibroblasts in the gingival tissue was low in the fourth week, and higher in the periodontal tissue in both period ( p < .05). Regarding bone remodeling, the RANK and RANKL levels decreased in the P + AP group ( p < .05). The OPG level did not differ between the P and P + AP groups ( p > .05), but decreased from the second to the fourth experimental week in P + AP group ( p < .05). Conclusions The treatment of experimental periodontitis with atmospheric plasma for 4 weeks modulated the inflammatory response to favor the repair process and decreased the bone resorption biomarkers, indicating a better control of bone remodeling in periodontal disease.