Impact of chronic cold exposure on lung inflammation, pyroptosis and oxidative stress in mice

Chronic cold exposure, which is the main inducer of lung diseases in high latitudes, affects production efficiency and restricts the development of aquaculture. Although the relationship between cold exposure and susceptibility to the lungs is widely accepted, but the influence between them has not been fully explored. The aim of this study is to understand the underlying mechanism. In the present study, the mice, which are used to establish cold stress (CS)-induced lung injury model, are exposed to cold temperature (4 °C) for 3 h each day for 4 weeks. The results indicate that the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is augmented by cold exposure. In addition, chronic cold exposure aggravate the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lead to a significant decrease in the contents of micrococcus catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, chronic cold exposure significantly exacerbates the expression of inflammation- and apoptosis-related proteins. The activation of Bax and caspase-3 are significantly augmented. However, that of Bcl-2 is decreased. These results are different from those in room team. The results show that chronic cold exposure plays an important roles in the activation of multiple signaling pathways, such as pyroptosis-related, inflammation-related and oxidative stress-regulated signaling pathways. In summary, these investigations support that chronic cold exposure increase the risk of lung injury by activating inflammation, oxidative stress and pyroptosis.