Effect of synthesis conditions on the morphology and field-emission properties of hydrothermally grown Zn-doped SnO2 nanorods

Zn–SnO₂ nanorod arrays with various sizes and aspect ratios on a Cu substrate have been achieved and the sword-like nanorod arrays have the lowest E_on of ∼2.75 V μm⁻¹ and the highest β of ∼1970.