Challenges and Opportunities in Core–Shell Zeolite Catalysts

Zeolites with core-shell morphologies represent a captivating class of materials that exhibit distinctive catalytic properties in comparison with conventional zeolite catalysts. Due to the ordered organization of each zeolite component in a core-shell configuration, the stability, mass transport characteristics, and product distribution of these catalysts can significantly differ from those of single-component zeolites. Consequently, the precise construction and structural characterization of core-shell zeolite materials present considerable challenges relative to traditional single-component zeolites. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methodologies for core-shell zeolite materials, along with a detailed comparison of the advantages and limitations associated with each approach. Additionally, the characterization techniques currently employed to elucidate the structural features of core-shell structures will be summarized. Finally, we will explore the opportunities and challenges presented by core-shell zeolite catalysts in the development of advanced characterization techniques and the exploration of emerging applications, contrasting them with conventional zeolite materials.