Analysis of technologies and means of mechanization of manure removal and use in small livestock farms

The problem of rational use of manure as an organic fertilizer to create their own feed base of small farms with simultaneous compliance with environmental protection requirements is of national economic importance. Accumulated manure and manure runoff contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other substances that can fertilize large areas of farmland. The main requirements for manure removal and disposal systems include the following conditions: ensuring good conditions for keeping animals; exclusion of environmental pollution; its effective use. At the same time, the processes of cleaning premises and sites from manure before application to the soil, collection and disposal of surface water contaminated with manure, if necessary, should be covered. Removal, transportation, processing, storage and introduction into the soil of manure obtained on farms must be carried out in compliance with the relevant zootechnical, sanitary, veterinary and agrotechnological requirements to exclude the spread of helminths, pathogens of infectious diseases and weed seeds. The system as a whole should be economically optimal for specific climatic and production conditions. When drafting a system, it must be linked to plans for land reclamation and strengthening the fodder base in order to increase the yield of organic fertilizers using peat, straw and other bedding and composting materials, reduce transportation costs and introduce liquid manure using irrigation systems.