Sensitivity Enhanced Ecofriendly UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Quality Control of Telmisartan and Benidipine Formulations: Comparison of Whiteness and Greenness with HPLC Methods

The development of an environmentally friendly analytical technique for simultaneous measurement of medicines with large concentration differences is difficult yet critical for environmental protection. Hence, in this work, new manipulated UV-spectroscopic methods with high scaling factors were established for concurrent quantification of telmisartan (TEL) and benidipine (BEN) in fixed-dose combinations. Two different methods were developed and established by calculation of peak height at zero crossing point of second derivative and the ratio of first derivative spectra with a scaling factor of 200 and 100, respectively. The absorption difference between the peaks and troughs of the ratio spectra, as well as continuous subtraction from ratio spectra, were established as additional methods. In addition, new procedures were validated using ICH recommendations. The proposed methods' linearity curves were constructed in the range of 0.5-10 µg mL-1 and 1-30 µg mL-1 for BEN and TEL, respectively, under optimized conditions. Furthermore, both the detection (0.088-0.139 µg mL-1 for BEN and 0.256-0.288 µg mL-1 for TEL) and quantification limits (0.293-0.465 µg mL-1 for BEN and 0.801-0.962 µg mL-1 for TEL) were adequate for quantifying both analytes in the formulation ratios. The accuracy and precision were confirmed by the good recovery percent (98.37%-100.6%), with low percent relative error (0.67%-1.70%) and less than 2 percent relative standard deviation, respectively. The specificity of the methods was proven by accurate and precise outcomes from the standard addition method and analysis of laboratory mixed solutions with large differences in concentrations of both analytes. Finally, the BEN and TEL content of the formulations was determined simultaneously without prior separation using these first ever reported spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, developed UV derivative spectroscopic methods demonstrated high greenness and whiteness when compared to the reported HPLC methods. These findings show that the projected methods were effective, practical, and environmentally acceptable for quality control of BEN and TEL in multicomponent formulations.