Role of exosomes in skin diseases

Abstract Background Exosomes, as a family member of extracellular vesicles, are cell‐secreted nanoscale structures that play pivotal roles in regulating physiological and pathophysiological processes of the skin. Exosomes induce communication between cells and are responsible for transporting cellular components such as microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA, lipids, metabolites, and cell‐surface proteins. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials searched the contribution of exosomes to skin functions and disorders. Thus, exosomes are gaining increasing attention within investigational dermatology. In advance, stem‐cell‐derived exosomes were integrated into the functional cosmetics industry nominated as cell‐free regenerative medicine. Objective This review aims to demonstrate the roles of exosomes in inflammatory skin disorders, stem cell, and tumor biology through a comprehensive evaluation of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic perspectives. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic online databases "PubMed" and "Google Scholar" using key words ''exosomes'', ''skin'', ''wound healing''. Conclusion Exosomes are regarded as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various skin diseases. Future prospects are repurposing exosomes to treat skin disorders, either as drug carriers or drugs themselves.