The effects of residual stress and microhardness on wear resistance of 40Cr steel strengthened layer by electrical discharge were studied under a large contacting stress,and the wear mechanism of strengthened layer was studied.The results show that the wear resistance of samples increases with the increase of surface hardness,no matter under roll and roll-slide condition.The compressive residual stress can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of strengthened layer.The wear mechanisms are mainly the adhesive wear,abrasive wear and fatigue wear under roll wear condition;whereas,the oxidation wear also existes besides above the three wear mechanisms under roll-slide condition.