DIRECT HEAT-TO-ELECTRICITY CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY

Traditional power plants generate mechanical motion in the conversion of heat to electricity. In direct heat-to-electricity conversion, electricity is generated from a thermal input without a working fluid. These direct systems are often scalable, quiet, and reliable. Solar thermal radiation can be the thermal input to the system, creating a solar energy conversion system different than photovoltaics or concentrating solar power systems. Three main solid-state heat-to-electricity systems, namely thermoelectric, thermionic, and thermophotovoltaic generators, are reviewed here with respect to their applicability in a solar conversion system. Research is rapidly expanding in these areas, aiming to challenge traditional electricity generation techniques.