In this paper, NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as well as the PLS method was adopted for rapid determination of vitamin C in navel oranges. The GN method was employed to select calibration and validation samples. The spectral data in the region 900-1600nm were used for modeling. The coefficient of determination of the validation set is 0.8690, and RMSECV is 1.039mg/100g. The results suggest that NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy may serve as a strong tool for developing an on-line fruit sorting system.