PLK1
前中期
有丝分裂
生物
癌症研究
细胞生物学
激酶
Polo样激酶
MAPK/ERK通路
主轴检查点
细胞周期
癌症
主轴装置
细胞
细胞分裂
生物化学
遗传学
后期
作者
Ainhoa Mielgo,Laetitia Seguin,Miller Huang,Maria Emilia Camargo,Sudarshan Anand,Aleksandra Franovic,Sara M. Weis,Sunil J. Advani,Eric J. Murphy,David A. Cheresh
出处
期刊:Nature Medicine
[Springer Nature]
日期:2011-12-01
卷期号:17 (12): 1641-1645
被引量:54
摘要
RAF kinases regulate cell proliferation and survival and can be dysregulated in tumors. The role of RAF in cell proliferation has been linked to its ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (ERK). Here we identify a MEK-independent role for RAF in tumor growth. Specifically, in mitotic cells, CRAF becomes phosphorylated on Ser338 and localizes to the mitotic spindle of proliferating tumor cells in vitro as well as in murine tumor models and in biopsies from individuals with cancer. Treatment of tumors with allosteric inhibitors, but not ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors, prevents CRAF phosphorylation on Ser338 and localization to the mitotic spindle and causes cell-cycle arrest at prometaphase. Furthermore, we identify phospho-Ser338 CRAF as a potential biomarker for tumor progression and a surrogate marker for allosteric RAF blockade. Mechanistically, CRAF, but not BRAF, associates with Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) and Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at the centrosomes and spindle poles during G2/M. Indeed, allosteric or genetic inhibition of phospho-Ser338 CRAF impairs Plk1 activation and accumulation at the kinetochores, causing prometaphase arrest, whereas a phospho-mimetic Ser338D CRAF mutant potentiates Plk1 activation, mitosis and tumor progression in mice. These findings show a previously undefined role for RAF in tumor progression beyond the RAF-MEK-ERK paradigm, opening new avenues for targeting RAF in cancer.
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