Mixture-of-Experts Machine Learning Framework for Predictive Design of Biomass-Derived Hydrochar to Decarbonize Industrial Heat

emissions by 396.6 million tons annually if deployed across China's agricultural residues and municipal sludge, equivalent to 3.3% of annual national emissions. This MoEs framework establishes a data-driven paradigm for scalable hydrochar design, enabling the targeted decarbonization of emission-intensive industries.